{"id":1017,"date":"2019-12-10T12:13:44","date_gmt":"2019-12-10T10:13:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/?p=1017"},"modified":"2020-05-27T15:23:54","modified_gmt":"2020-05-27T13:23:54","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%a8%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%8e%d9%91%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%8e%d9%91%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/?p=1017","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064f\u0651\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>\u062f. \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0633<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062b\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064f\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0650 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u062b\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0629\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064e\u0629\u201d.<a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0639\u064f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0639\u0650\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0640\u201d\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0629\u0650\u201d\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064d\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201c\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u0629\u064d\u201d. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064f \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0650\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064f\u0651\u0644\u0650 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u064d \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0650 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064d \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0629\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064d\u061b \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0650 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0629\u060c&nbsp; 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Richards) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0650 \u0645\u0646\u0630\u064f \u0637\u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647.<a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0648\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u064f\u062c\u0650\u062f\u064e\u061b \u0641\u0625\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u064e \u0645\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0650\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0650\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0650\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u0650\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064e\u0629\u064b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/image-24.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26305\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 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\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646&nbsp; \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u201c\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u064f\u0651\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0634\u062a\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u201d\u061b \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646&nbsp; \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 .. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u201d.<a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftn13\">[13]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/image-26.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-26308\"\/><figcaption><strong>R. G. Collingwood<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0628\u0650\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u201c\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u060c&nbsp; \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 [ \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 ] \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0634\u201d.<a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0628\u0650\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u0652\u0628\u0650\u0644\u0650 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0648\u062f (R. G. Collingwood)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u064e\u0633\u0650\u0651\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064f\u0651\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645.<a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftn15\">[15]<\/a>&nbsp; \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0628\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064f \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.<a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftn16\">[16]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0650\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0650\u0651\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u061b \u0623\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0628\u064c \u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u062d\u0648\u064f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0650\u0651 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0644\u064c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u062c\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064c \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u064c \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0650\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>***<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><strong>&nbsp;\u2013 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631:&nbsp;Princeton Encyc. P. 204<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c&nbsp;\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 1985\u060c \u0635 13<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u201c..We are social beings and accustomed to communication from infancy\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631: I. A. Richards,&nbsp;Principles Of Literary Criticism, published by Routledge and Kegan paul, England, 1976, p. 17<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0631\u060c&nbsp;\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.\u060c \u0635 41<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0631\u060c&nbsp;\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.\u060c \u0635 25<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a (1769-1859)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062a\u0647&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627. \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631: : \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0631\u060c&nbsp;\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.\u060c \u0635 35<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631:&nbsp; \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c&nbsp;\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c 1990\u060c \u0635 9-12<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c&nbsp;\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0631\u0636\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1978\u060c \u0635\u0635 137-138<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c&nbsp;\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0631.\u060c \u0635 78<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0631\u060c&nbsp;\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.\u060c \u0635 35<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u201c.. the arts are the supreme form of the communicative acitivity\u201d \u060c \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0638\u064e\u0631: I. A. RichardsmPrinciples.,&nbsp;p. 17<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0631\u060c&nbsp;\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.\u060c \u0635 14<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u0641\u064a\u0634\u0631\u060c&nbsp;\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629.\u060c \u0635 61<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c&nbsp;\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a.\u060c \u0635 12<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c&nbsp;\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a.\u060c \u0635&nbsp; 19<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/aleph-lam.com\/2019\/12\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%91%D9%8E%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/#_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c&nbsp;\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a.\u060c \u0635 20<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>*\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 Aleph Lam<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f. \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0633 (\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a) \u062b\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064d \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u062f\u0627\u064b\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064f\u062f\u064e\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0650 \u0623\u0646\u064e\u0651 \u062b\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0629\u201d \u0648\u201d\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064e\u0629\u201d.[1]&nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0639\u064f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0652 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064e \u0645\u0650\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0650\u0639\u0650\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0640\u201d\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0629\u0650\u201d\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064d\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0650\u0651\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u201c\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u201d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5169,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1017","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-6"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1017","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1017"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1017\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5170,"href":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1017\/revisions\/5170"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5169"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1017"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1017"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1017"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}