{"id":8850,"date":"2020-11-30T23:43:06","date_gmt":"2020-11-30T21:43:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/?p=8850"},"modified":"2020-11-30T23:43:14","modified_gmt":"2020-11-30T21:43:14","slug":"%d8%b4%d8%ae%d8%b5%d9%8a%d9%91%d9%8e%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%91%d9%8e%d9%87%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%91%d9%8e%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hassadlhibr.net\/?p=8850","title":{"rendered":"\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1929\u060c \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 “\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628” \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u062c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d “\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627” \u0641\u064a “\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u061b \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629” \u0641\u064a “\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632”\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1940 \u0645\u0646 “\u0639\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u062f\u0627\u0631”\u061b \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0651\u064e\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0645 “\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628” (1941) \u0648”\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643” (1944) \u0648”\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631” (1947) \u0648”\u0647\u0627\u0646\u064a” ((1956. \u0623\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0650\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1946\u061b \u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629. \u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1947\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1986. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0646\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1944\u060c \u0628\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0633\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 “\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629”\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0651\u064e\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1945\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0650\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0640”\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062d\u062f\u0629”\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1936\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0644\u0640”\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a”\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a” \u0648”\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a” \u0648”\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629”\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0651\u064e \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1964\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0627\u062a “\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0641\u064a “\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642”\u060c \u0628\u0640”\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0650\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641”\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uf0af \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1975\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0631 (\u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646)\u060c 1955\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646\u060c 1961\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 1968.
\uf0af \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 1972\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 1963\u0645.
\uf0af \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1965\u0645.
\uf0af \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1977.
\uf0af \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1952\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\uf0af \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1954-1958\u0645.
\uf0af \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1962\u0645.
\uf0af \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1972\u0645.
\uf0af \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c 1973\u0645.
\uf0af \u0625\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.
\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627:
\uf0af \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 (UNESCO) \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627) \u0633\u0646\u0629 1950 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 (\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627) \u0633\u0646\u0629 1953
\uf0af \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 (\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631) 1953
\uf0af \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 (\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646) \u0633\u0646\u0629 1954.
\uf0af \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 (\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646) \u0633\u0646\u0629 1957.
\u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627:
\uf0af \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 33\u060c \u0635363 \u062d\u062a\u0649 381\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1948.
\uf0af \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 27\u060c \u0635198 \u062d\u062a\u0649 206\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1952.
\uf0af \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1951\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a 1951 (\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 37).
\uf0af \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (The Law and the Modernization of Legal Systems in the Muslim Countries)\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 (\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631) 1953 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 (Princeton University Press 1953).
\uf0af \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1953.
\uf0af \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (Social Needs)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a (The Muslim World 44 (3-4), 186-2-1\u060c 1954.
\uf0af \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1955.
\uf0af \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (Transactions in the Shari’ah)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 (Law in the Middle East)\u060c 1955.
\uf0af \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 (13 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631\/\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1955).
\uf0af \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0635\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 1958.
\uf0af \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631)-\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 (\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631)\u060c 1962 (Travaux et Jours, Volume 4, January\/February 1962).
\uf0af \u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 40\u060c \u0635 117 \u062d\u062a\u0649 136\u060c 1965.
\uf0af \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0651\u063a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 44\u060c \u0635 309 \u062d\u062a\u0649 322\u060c 1969.
\uf0af \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (Adaptation of Islamic Jurisprudence to Modern Social Needs)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Islam in Transition: Muslim Perspectives)\u060c \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062c. \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062c. \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648 (John H. Donohue and John L. Esposito)\u060c \u0635 183 \u062d\u062a\u0649 185\u060c 1982.
\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0651\u064e\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0651\u064e\u0629” \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u064e\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0648\u0644\u064a” \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0651\u064e\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1974\u061b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1983\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0650\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0651\u064e\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644 (\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631) \u0633\u0646\u0629 1986\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0650\u064a.
\u0639\u064f\u0631\u0650\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0650\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a “\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u064e\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0650\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0650\u0631\u064e \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a.
\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629:
\uf0af \u0642\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1986\u060c \u0641\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0651\u064e\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0651\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a.
\uf0af \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 25 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647.
\uf0af \u0646\u0638\u0651\u064e\u0645\u062a “\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2012\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0647.
\uf0af \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0635\u0628\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a (\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646) \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628: \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a.
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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